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Home AGROTECHNOLOGY Climate

El mayor deshielo en Groenlandia libera un gas anti-invernadero

by Tatyana Ivanovich
February 2, 2023
in Climate
0
El mayor deshielo en Groenlandia libera un gas anti-invernadero

 Los datos almacenados en núcleos de hielo de hace 55 años aportan nuevos conocimientos sobre los niveles atmosféricos de una molécula que puede afectar significativamente al tiempo y al clima.

El sulfuro de dimetilo (C2H6S) es una pequeña molécula liberada por el fitoplancton en el océano, que puede desempeñar un gran papel en la regulación del clima de la Tierra. Favorece la formación de nubes sobre el mar, y a menudo se le denomina «gas anti-efecto invernadero», ya que las nubes bloquean la radiación solar y reducen la temperatura de la superficie del mar. Sin embargo, al menos parte del calor bloqueado queda retenido en la atmósfera, por lo que los efectos pueden ser complejos.

Investigadores de la Universidad de Hokkaido han hallado indicios de un aumento de las emisiones de sulfuro de dimetilo vinculado al retroceso del hielo marino de Groenlandia a medida que se calienta el planeta. Sus conclusiones se publican en la revista Communications Earth & Environment.

Los estudios de modelización sugieren desde hace tiempo que la disminución del hielo marino del Ártico podría provocar un aumento de las emisiones de dimetilsulfuro, pero no existían pruebas directas de ello. El profesor adjunto Sumito Matoba y sus colegas han inferido los niveles de sulfuro de dimetilo a lo largo de 55 años cuantificando el compuesto relacionado, el ácido metano sulfónico (MSA), en muestras de núcleos de hielo de la capa de hielo del sudeste de Groenlandia.

El MSA se produce directamente a partir del dimetilsulfuro, lo que sirve como registro estable de los niveles de dimetilsulfuro. Este proceso forma parte de una serie de interacciones químicas entre aerosoles en la atmósfera.

El equipo, que incluye investigadores de la Universidad de Nagoya y de la Agencia de Exploración Aeroespacial de Japón, reconstruyó el flujo anual y estacional de MSA desde 1960 hasta 2014, con una resolución mensual. Los niveles anuales de MSA disminuyeron de 1960 a 2001, pero aumentaron notablemente a partir de 2002.

«Descubrimos que los flujos de MSA de julio a septiembre fueron de tres a seis veces mayores entre 2002 y 2014 que entre 1972 y 2001», afirma Matoba en un comunicado. «Lo atribuimos al retroceso más temprano del hielo marino en los últimos años».

Las pruebas de apoyo provienen de datos satelitales que han monitoreado los niveles del crucial pigmento verde clorofila-a, que absorbe la luz solar, en los mares circundantes. La clorofila-a sirve como indicador de la abundancia de fitoplancton, que a su vez debería correlacionarse bien con la cantidad de dimetilsulfuro liberado por el fitoplancton.

Las temperaturas del Ártico están aumentando el doble de rápido que la media mundial, y la extensión del hielo marino estacional en verano ha disminuido drásticamente en las últimas décadas. Esto aumenta la cantidad de luz que incide en el océano y favorece el crecimiento del fitoplancton.

Aunque los últimos resultados del equipo de Hokkaido añaden una importante confirmación de los cambiantes niveles de dimetilsulfuro, Matoba subraya que es necesario un seguimiento continuo y a largo plazo de los aerosoles. «Esto será esencial para seguir el impacto actual, y predecir el futuro, de las emisiones de sulfuro de dimetilo en el clima global», afirma.

A source: https://www.elpais.cr

Tags: Groenlandia
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